The doctor explains how some practices are beneficial for brain development
Intelligence is an ability that most people want to develop. After all, from it you can understand, reason and interpret information to adapt to life changes and achieve goals. However, this skill is quite broad and to improve it it is important to know some concepts, as explained by Dr. Fernando Gomes, neurosurgeon, neuroscientist and professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (USP).
“Human intelligence is multifaceted and can be analyzed in different ways, divided into types, which are more pronounced in one person than in another, and is very particular to each person,” says the expert.
Theory of multiple intelligences
Among the different types of intelligence, one of the best known theories is that of multiple intelligences, developed by the psychologist Howard Gardner. According to her, there are different types of intelligence, including:
1. Logical/mathematical intelligence
This type of intelligence gives the individual the ability to compare and evaluate objects and abstractions, discerning their relationships and principles. It is the ability to reasoning deductive and for solving and dealing with numbers.
Mathematicians, statisticians, scientists and philosophers have this characteristic in an exacerbated way. An excellent example of a human being endowed with this type of privileged intelligence was Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity and was even awarded the Nobel Prize.
2. Linguistic intelligence
It is characterized by a special mastery and taste for languages, dialects and words and a desire to explore them. It is predominant in poets, writers and linguists. Among us we can list names such as Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Monteiro Lobato, among many others.
3. Musical intelligence
It provides the ability to compose and perform musical patterns, in terms of rhythm and timbre, but also to listen and discern them. It can be associated with other intelligences, such as linguistic, spatial or bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. It is predominant in composers, conductors, musicians and music critics, such as Beethoven, Mozart, Hermeto Pascoal.
4. Spatial intelligence
It is the ability to understand the visual world with precision, allowing you to transform, modify perceptions, recreate visual experiences or even without physical stimuli. It is prevalent in architects, artists, sculptors, cartographers, navigators and chess players, for example Michelangelo, Antoni Gaudí and Oscar Niemeyer.
5. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
It is expressed in the ability to control and orchestrate the movements of body. It is prevalent among actors and those who practice dance and sports. Some names stand out, like Neymar and Michael Jackson.
6. Intrapersonal intelligence
It is characterized by the ability to know oneself and to be further developed in writers, psychotherapists and counselors, such as Sigmund Freud.
7. Interpersonal intelligence
It is the ability to understand the intentions, motivations and desires of others. It is more developed in politicians, religious people and teachers, such as Nelson Mandela and Gandhi.
8. Naturalistic intelligence
It is characterized by sensitivity in understanding and organizing objects, phenomena and patterns in nature, such as recognizing and classifying plants, animals, minerals and their components. It is a common characteristic of biologists, geologists and archaeologists. Charles Darwin is an example of this type of intelligence.
9. Existential intelligence
It includes the ability to reflect and ponder the fundamental questions of existence. He is characteristic of spiritual leaders and philosophical thinkers, such as Chico Xavier.
How to measure intelligence?
To measure intelligence, Dr. Fernando explains that intelligence tests IQ (intelligence quotient) they are one of the best known methods. They involve a series of questions or tasks to evaluate certain cognitive skills such as logical reasoning, problem solving, mathematical and verbal skills. The result is a number representing the IQ score, being:
- Above 130: talent;
- 120 to 129: superior intelligence;
- 110 to 119: above average intelligence;
- From 90 to 109: average intelligence.
“There are also specific aptitude tests that serve to measure skills in particular areas, such as mathematics, language, science, etc., or interviews and behavioral observations of everyday situations. These are assessments carried out by specialists in neuropsychology and neuroscience that will measure interpersonal skills , social skills, emotional self-control and will perform neuropsychological tests to evaluate cognitive functioning, identifying specific areas of the brain associated with different abilities,” he explains.
According to him, carrying out these tests could be a positive thing. “In this way it becomes easier for a person to use the intelligence he has most to his advantage, instead of ‘breaking his head’ trying to improve what may not be his specialization”, says the expert.
Factors that impair intelligence
The doctor states that there are factors that can compromise intelligence, which is most abundant in every person. That includes:
- Genetics, determining a person’s cognitive abilities;
- Family atmosphere;
- Education;
- Food;
- Exposure to toxins and harmful substances (lead, mercury, alcohol and illicit drugs, which can damage brain development);
- Traumas and situations fatigue;
- Mental health problems (depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and others).
Tactics for developing intelligence
While there are factors that impair intelligence, there are tactics that can be worked on to improve cognition in general. “Physical exercises practiced regularly help increase blood flow to the brain, promote the growth of new brain cells and improve brain plasticity. When combined with a balanced diet, rich in antioxidants, omega 3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals they further help to promote mental stimulation, which can be improved by small brain challenges […]”, says the doctor.
Doctor Fernando Gomes still warns against quality of sleep as something crucial for memory consolidation and cognitive functioning. “Furthermore, it is still important to manage stress through good practices, such as meditation, yoga and relaxation techniques. In addition to cultivating continuous learning with new experiences, readings, courses, intellectual challenges and maintaining social interaction with others people, which can help enrich thinking and promote creativity”, concludes the neuroscientist.
By Mayra Barreto Cinel
Source: Terra
Ben Stock is a lifestyle journalist and author at Gossipify. He writes about topics such as health, wellness, travel, food and home decor. He provides practical advice and inspiration to improve well-being, keeps readers up to date with latest lifestyle news and trends, known for his engaging writing style, in-depth analysis and unique perspectives.
