The virus that causes infectious mononucleosis affects approximately 90% of the world’s population
Infectious mononucleosis is a disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) which can cause symptoms such as intense sore throat and fever. Contagious, it is common during holiday periods, such as the end of the year and the carnival. Furthermore, its main form of transmission occurs through saliva, which has earned it the popular name “kissing disease”.
But these affections are not the only way to become contaminated. Sneezing, coughing and even close conversations can also spread the virus, which explains its high prevalence. According to the Ministry of Healthup to 90% of the world’s population has been infected with EBV at some point in their lives.
“It is a very common infection, especially during adolescence,” says infectious disease specialist Rodrigo Molina, member of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases (SBI).
How does the transmission happen?
EBV belongs to the same family as the virus that causes it herpes simple and is transmitted through saliva and respiratory droplets. Although it is most common among young people between the ages of 15 and 25, the infection can occur at any stage of life.
Once in the body, it invades the cells lining the nose and throat and causes the proliferation of a specific type of white blood cell, mononuclear cells, hence the disease called mononucleosis.
After infecting a new host, the virus has an incubation period that can range from three to eight weeks until symptoms appear. Often, however, the conditions are asymptomatic.
What are the symptoms?
The most common symptoms include sore throat, fever, malaise, swollen lymph nodes (so-called “tongues”) and inflammation of the tonsils. Therefore, the signs may be confused with bacterial tonsillitis, but without response to antibiotic treatment.
The infected person may also experience swelling around the eyes and spots on the body. In some cases, the virus can spread from the throat to the spleen and liver. Once established, it can lead to enlargement of these organs and cause abdominal pain. This occurs because the liver expands and stretches its protective capsule, causing discomfort.
Serious conditions, with repercussions such as death, are rare. According to Molina they represent less than 1% of events. “But they occur among people who have complications such as deterioration of the central nervous system or rupture of the spleen due to the rapid growth of the organ,” he says.
Is it an STI?
The disease is not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI). In fact, even sharing cups, straws, cutlery, and other eating or personal utensils is a way to contract EBV.
After the first contact, the organism develops immunity, although the virus may remain latent, that is, “dormant” in the cells.
How is the diagnosis made?
The diagnosis is made clinically, based on the symptoms presented by the patient, supplemented by laboratory tests. Among the tests required, a blood test can indicate the presence of antibodies against EBV, confirming the presence of the virus in the body.
Because the symptoms can easily be confused with those of other diseases, it is important to see a doctor when you notice the signs.
What is the treatment?
There is no specific treatment for the disease. The good news is that it usually clears up within two weeks. During this period, the goal is to take care of the symptoms, providing relief and comfort to the patient.
For more severe cases, medical intervention may include the use of corticosteroids, which help control inflammation.
“In about two weeks, most people return to their routine, whether at work or school. What may remain in the following weeks, in some cases, is a slight feeling of tiredness,” says Molina.
Prevention
Prevention is a challenge, as the virus is transmitted even when the infected person shows no symptoms. Furthermore, there are no vaccines available. However, adopting some habits can reduce the risks:
- Avoid direct contact with infected people;
- Do not share cutlery, glasses, lipstick or other personal items;
- Strengthen immunity with healthy nutrition;
- Wash your hands regularly;
- Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze.
Source: Terra
Ben Stock is a lifestyle journalist and author at Gossipify. He writes about topics such as health, wellness, travel, food and home decor. He provides practical advice and inspiration to improve well-being, keeps readers up to date with latest lifestyle news and trends, known for his engaging writing style, in-depth analysis and unique perspectives.
