Tuberculosis: understanding what it is, what the symptoms are and how to prevent it

Infectious diseases affecting the lungs can lead to death if not treated properly

Tuberculosis is an infectious and communicable disease that mainly affects the lungs, but can also affect other organs. Caused by Koch’s bacillus, a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

According to information from the Ministry of Health (MS), around 78,000 people fell ill with tuberculosis in the country in 2022, with an increase of 4.9% compared to 2021. And the data does not stop there, the research also underlines that, in the national territory, every year there are about 4,500 deaths due to tuberculosis. An alternative that can help fight the disease is early diagnosis.

forms of transmission

Transmission occurs via the respiratory route, through coughing, speaking or sneezing of an infected person. The bacillus is sensitive to sunlight and air circulation helps disperse the particles, so it is important to maintain well-ventilated rooms with natural light to reduce the risk of transmission.

symptoms of tuberculosis

The most common symptoms of tuberculosis include dry or sputum coughing for three weeks or more, evening fever, night sweats, and weight loss. When these symptoms are observed, it is essential to consult a doctor.

Disease diagnosis

According to the infectious disease specialist Alexandre Cunha, of Sabin Diagnosis and Health, the diagnosis of the disease is rapid and very assertive. “[O diagnóstico é] done by tests such as bacilloscopy and molecular biology tests, such as PCR, as well as culture, all done with sputum samples. In addition to imaging tests, such as x-rays and tomography chest,” explains the professional.

In the event of a positive diagnosis, treatment should be started immediately with medication. “Although it is a disease discovered centuries ago, which already has a safe and effective vaccine, rapid diagnosis and treatment, tuberculosis still affects thousands of people around the world and continues to cause death,” warns the specialist .

importance of vaccination

According to data from the Ministry of Health (MS), there has been a significant reduction in recent years vaccination coverage of BCG, until 2018, the vaccination rate was above the 95% level. However, as of 2019, the coverage does not exceed 88%. This decline represents an increased risk of severe cases and death from the disease.

“The BCG vaccine (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) is the main preventive measure. The vaccine protects against the most severe forms of the disease and must be administered in childhood, from birth to 5 years of age,” concludes Dr. Alexandre Cunha.

By Anne Candal Pinheiro

Source: Terra

Rose

Rose James is a Gossipify movie and series reviewer known for her in-depth analysis and unique perspective on the latest releases. With a background in film studies, she provides engaging and informative reviews, and keeps readers up to date with industry trends and emerging talents.