Researchers are studying because autoimmune diseases grow rapidly; Environmental factors, diet, microplastics and genetics are among the explanations
Autoimmune diseases are not new. Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, psoriasis or multiple sclerosis have followed humanity for a long time. What attracts the attention of scientists today, however, is the growing frequency of these diagnoses, especially among women. It is estimated that over 80 different types of autoimmune diseases already affect about 50 million people only in United Statesaccording to the The Washington Post.
What does it mean to have an autoimmune disease?
The immune system is responsible for the protection of the body from viruses, bacteria and other invaders. However, in autoimmune conditions, this defense loses the ability to differentiate what is a threat from what is healthy, attacking tissues and organs from the body itself. The initial symptoms vary, but often include persistent fatigue, low fever, muscle pain and difficulty concentration – signs that can easily confuse with other conditions.
Rapid growth
According to the The guardianDiagnosis increases from 3% to 9% every year. Since human genetics have changed little in recent decades, experts believe that environmental factors are behind this leap.
One of the most studied hypotheses is the relationship between diet and intestinal health. Scientists point out that excessive fast food consumption, poor in fiber, can deeply alter the microbioma – a set of microorganisms that live in the intestine and regulate the essential functions of the body. This deregulation can open the way for incorrect immune responses and, consequently, to the development of autoimmune diseases.
Another factor in the studio is the growing presence of microplastics, which are in the air, water and food. Research indicates that adults can absorb more than 800 particles per day. Once in the body, these fragments cause inflammation, oxidative stress and changes of microbioma, mechanisms similar to those observed in other environmental conditions linked to increased autoimmune diseases.
Why are women more affected?
Another intriguing data: about 80% of people with diagnosis of autoimmune diseases are women. A study of University of Stanford suggests that the explanation can be in a molecule called XistPresent only in females.
Women have two X chromosomes, while men have an X and a Y. To avoid excessive protein production, the female body disables one of the X chromosomes through the xist molecule. However, this process seems to generate a molecular complex which, according to researchers, is related to the development of various autoimmune diseases. Although the discovery does not completely explain why men can also develop these conditions, represents an important piece in the puzzle.
The future of research
Over the past two decades, significant progress have improved the quality of life of those who live with autoimmune diseases. However, scientists recognize that there is a lot to reveal, from the genetic and environmental mechanisms that increase the risks for new forms of prevention and treatment.
What is known so far clarifies: external factors, lifestyle and biological predispositions intertwined in a complex scenario. And understanding these connections can be the key to containing the progress of this global phenomenon.
Source: Terra
Ben Stock is a lifestyle journalist and author at Gossipify. He writes about topics such as health, wellness, travel, food and home decor. He provides practical advice and inspiration to improve well-being, keeps readers up to date with latest lifestyle news and trends, known for his engaging writing style, in-depth analysis and unique perspectives.
