November 14th is World Diabetes Day. The date raises awareness about the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. Find out more!
OR World Diabetes Day it is celebrated this Tuesday, November 14th. The date, established in 1991, was chosen for the birthday of Sir Frederick Banting, who discovered insulin together with Charles Best. The theme of the campaign held this year is “Access to diabetes care”.
According to the Brazilian Diabetes Society, they are more than 13 million people who live with the disease only in Brazil. This represents 6.9% of the country’s population.
Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by increased blood sugar and can have causes associated with autoimmune, genetic and lifestyle conditions, explains Tarissa Petry, endocrinologist at the Specialized Center for Obesity and Diabetes at Alemão Hospital Oswaldo Cruz.
In diabetes, the person has insufficient production or poor absorption of insulin, which is the hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose. The condition is
In the video below, Tarissa talks about the Necessary care with diabetes:
Types and causes of diabetes
Among the types of diabetes, Tarissa highlights the two main types:
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Type 1: the cause is linked to an autoimmune problem, in which the person’s defense cells attack the pancreas itself, where the insulin-producing beta cells are located.
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Type 2: It is characterized by several types of causes, including genetic factors and increased visceral (abdominal) fat.
The endocrinologist explains that visceral fat is inflammatory and affects the action of insulin in cells. When insulin reaches the receptor, it begins to act in a way that it shouldn’t. As a result, the pancreas is “forced” to produce more insulin than usual and this causes the death of beta cells.
Symptoms of diabetes
Among the symptoms of diabetes, the main ones are increased urge to urinate, thirst and hunger, underlines Tarissa.
Discover the symptoms of diabetes, according to the Ministry of Health, according to the types:
Type 1 symptoms
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Frequent hunger;
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Constant thirst;
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Urgency to urinate several times a day;
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Weight loss;
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Weakness;
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Fatigue;
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Mood changes;
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Nausea and vomit.
Type 2 symptoms
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Frequent hunger;
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Constant thirst;
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Tingling in the feet and hands;
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Urgency to urinate repeatedly;
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Frequent bladder, kidney, skin, and skin infections;
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Wounds that take time to heal;
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Blurred vision.
The doctor points out that the symptoms of diabetes appear when your blood glucose level is too high. It reveals that there is a possibility that half of people who suffer from diabetes do not know they have the disease. Symptoms appear when the disease has already progressed, he says.
Diabetes risk factors
Find out what the risk factors for diabetes are according to the Ministry of Health:
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Diagnosis of pre-diabetes;
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High pressure;
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High cholesterol or changes in the level of triglycerides in the blood;
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Overweight, especially if the fat is concentrated around the waist;
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Parents, siblings or close relatives with diabetes;
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Chronic kidney disease;
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Woman who has given birth to a child weighing more than 4 kg;
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Gestational diabetes;
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Polycystic ovary syndrome;
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Diagnosis of psychiatric disorders – schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder;
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Sleep apnea;
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Use of drugs of the glucocorticoid class.
Diabetes treatment
As regards treatment, Petry recalls that the forms of intervention depend on the type of diabetes, as well as on the evolution of the disease.
In the case of type 1 patients, treatment occurs through process of imitating the production of insulin by the pancreas. In this sense it is necessary for the person to undergo “multiple insulin applications throughout the day”.
For people living with type 2, there are medications that are used to reduce blood sugar levels and aid in the weight loss process. These interventions work to reduce the chances of renal and cardiovascular complications and limb amputation.
Adopt a more active life, with physical exercise, is a targeted alternative to the weight loss process. According to Tarissa, if the patient loses more than 10% of his weight, this can change the progression of the disease, if he is in the beginning of diabetes.
It strengthens the role played by institutions such as the Brazilian Diabetes Society and the International Federation for Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO). These institutions help raise awareness of the disease among the population and train doctors who care for people with diabetes.
Source: Terra
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