Episode known how the female revolts took place in Rio Grande do Norte in the 19th century.
Armed with stones, knives, vases and domestic objects, about 300 women from Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, went to the streets of the city, destroyed the edicts who were preached to the door of the mother church and depreciated the headquarters of the local newspaper. Known as a female riot, the episode took place 150 years ago, on August 30, 1875, had a target and a cause.
The goal was the imperial decree promulgated that year that regulated military recruitment for both the army and the navy. The cause was the terror that the enrollment caused by women, after many of them were widowed or lost their children in the Paraguayan war, a bloody conflict in 1864 and 1870.
The legislation itself, in fact, was also a late response to the scars left by the conflict of war. The experience, after all, clarified that Brazil did not have a military organization ready for wars. Therefore, regulating the military enrollment of young people was a way to ensure that the country had a trained contingent and suitable for battlefields.
“The revolt was a movement, a revolt of women against the obligation of military enrollment”, contextualizes the BBC News Brazil the writer and researcher Geraldo Maia do Native, author of, among others, Mossoró on the trail of the story. Nasception states that at that time the law served to replace the thousands of deaths in war.
According to public opinion, there were those who thought until Brazil was about to start new battles against Paraguay. In general, the law was out of place. “He generated a great dissatisfaction. The obligation to enroll was misunderstood,” comments Nide.
In the book Notes and documents for the history of MossoróThe historian Luís da Câmara Cascudo (1898-1986) underlines that that year was “politically, a phase of intense party vibrations”, due to the decree that was part of an effort to “organize” the Ministry of War.
Popular boiling
Cascudo states that there was a previous survey by the government through the presidents of the provinces (equivalent to the current governors), to measure the receptivity of the idea with the population. The peace judges were heard and, for the most part, gave “reassuring” answers, although they were the result of “surface observations”. The historian recalls that these recruits have ended up constituting “powerful element of collective irritation”.
“In Rio Grande do Norte, August 1875 brought several popular protests against the recruitment decree,” describes Cascudo. “In Aries, on August 1, men and women followed by a group of flavored indigenous people invaded the mother church and torn books, documents, recruitment edicts.”
“In Cantaretama, on the same day, an exalted malt of women and men attacked the church, where the recruitment process for local recruitment was proceeded,” he adds, observing that 16 were injured in the episode. There was also a revolt in Goianinha.
“In any case, women were the most entertaining and vibrant, defending their children, husbands and spouses,” he says.
Cascudo places the revolt of women as part of “this cycle”. He cites the research work carried out by Professor Jerônimo Vingt-Un Rosado Maia (1920-2005) who collected the testimony from a witness of the revolt. Francisco Romão Filgueira, who was 15 years old in 1875, told him that “Ana Floriano, a kind of strong woman, blue eyes, blond hair, stature as well as the ordinary for her sex, headed to the movement”.
300 women
“On the scheduled day, there were about 300 women gathered in Mossoró, because the Eva of the rubber had been adhered to the revolt,” said the deponent. The group left in a procession to the church of Santa Luzia, a place that was used for enrollment. “The edicts nailed at the gates of the church were torn us and they broke several books,” he said.
So the women went to a point where there was a police group forwarded to “dominate the sedition”. Then there were turbulence, with struggle between soles and women. “Since it was natural, there were several wounds, with the interference of people graduated from the locality, they avoided more fun consequences,” he said.
In a letter issued by the city judge to the then president of the province, on September 4, the episode is also reported. According to the text, they would not be 300, but “a group of 50 to 100 women missed by their husbands and relatives” those who made the revolt, reducing to pieces “in the middle of” OS “the” roles related to enlargement “.
For the artist and researcher Isaías Medeiros, who has produced several images alludes to the episode, which attracts most of the attention of the movement “is the female strength of the organization, the courage of these women to face the strength of the arm” the power established.
“The story says that they fought with the policies of the time, they came out on the streets with pots, dishes, spoons, with what they had at home,” he says to the BBC News Brazil. “And when the time guard went to repress, they fought.”
“These women snatched the edicts from the church door and went to the newspaper [O Mossoroense, que circulou entre 1872 e 2015]In the editorial staff where the construction edicts were produced. They invaded the newspaper and torn the edicts, “he says.
Archivist of the Historical Museum of Lauro da Escósia in Mossoró, Deoclecio Evaristo de Oliveira Júnior defines the revolt as “a protest of different mothers who fought for the right of their children not to participate in a war”.
“The importance is due to the reason that even at that time there are women who can organize themselves and, together, face the sovereigns,” he says to the BBC News Brazil. Oliveira Júnior reports that women even hostage the judge of peace to that historic day.
“This fact was one of the great statements of our history”, he adds, observing that the episode is the subject of a permanent exhibition in the museum, within what the institution classifies “the female pioneering in Mossoró”.
The artist Medeiros, in his works, represented the leader Ana Floriano with a skewer in hand that alludes to the relationship that would threaten the opponents of death “with the tip of my skewer”. “He took to the street saying that he was against enrollment for the Paraguayan war,” he says. “The war was over, but they thought the young people had been enrolled for a possible recovery [do conflito]. “
“They said no. And the strength of the woman who defends their families is very beautiful,” comments the artist.
Faces and names
According to the entrance of the Women of Brazil DictionaryOrganized by Schuma Schumaher and Erico Vitale Vitale, the leader Ana Floriano became known because he was married to Floriano by Rocha Nogueira – his real name was Ana Rodrigues Braga.
“All participants [do motim organizado por ela] They were respectable family mothers and the city was shocked by their actions, “says the entrance.
“Together with Ana, two other women, Maria Filgueira, married to a captain and Joaquina de Sousa, contributed to organizing the movement. With the exception of Maria Filgueira, all women appear in relationships such as Ana de Tal or Joaquina de Tal”, says the text.
Medeiros has been attacked to this in his research. He says that in his works, he tried not only to give images to the historical episode, but also to try to control the faces to these anonymous women.
The women’s protest ended up summarizing the day itself. “After the episode, they all returned home,” says the entrance of the Dictionary.
“The story of the women’s revolt has always attracted my attention to the use of the beauty of women and the pioneering spirit in this context Macho,” says the artist Medeiros.
He underlined that he includes faces of color of color in his works, observing that although historiography emphasizes only representatives of the Mossorense elite, slaveized women took part in the act.
Source: Terra
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