The obstetrician explains how some precautions are important to ensure the safety and health of the mother
Maternal death, which occurs during pregnancy, childbirth or up to 42 days after the birth of the baby, represents a serious public health problem. According to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), every day approximately 830 women die from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth worldwide. In Brazil, in 2022, the maternal mortality rate has returned to pre-pandemic levels, with a rate of 57 deaths per 100,000 live births.
The main causes of death among pregnant women in the country are gestational hypertension (preeclampsia), postpartum hemorrhages (especially uterine atony), puerperal infections and thromboembolism. “Understanding each of these conditions, knowing how to prevent them and having access to the most modern and effective treatment options are some fundamental points to improve these statistics and save human lives, since many of these deaths are preventable,” warns Fabiana Ruas, obstetrician gynecologist and coordinator of the Maternity Unit of the São Luiz Anália Franco Hospital, in the eastern area of São Paulo.
1. Preeclampsia
Historically, preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Characterized by the elevation of blood pressure during pregnancythe disease can be identified early during prenatal care by measuring blood pressure and evaluating it during queries.
The main symptoms include headache, pain in the pit of the stomach, vision changes and swelling of the lower extremities. “Ensure regular and adequate prenatal care for all pregnant women, identify women at higher risk (history of preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, diabetes, obesity, multiple pregnancies, among others), recommend low-dose aspirin at starting from the second trimester for those in high-risk pregnancy, the use of antihypertensive drugs specific for pregnant women and blood pressure monitoring have been fundamental in reducing complications related to preeclampsia”, comments Dr. Fabiana Ruas.
As prevention, it is essential to adopt healthy habits during pregnancywith a balanced diet and exercise.
2. Postpartum hemorrhage
Data from the Ministry of Health indicates that postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the second cause of maternal death in Brazil. It occurs when there is blood loss of 500 ml or more in the 24 hours after birth. “The main cause of PPH is uterine atony, where the uterus does not contract after the baby is born, which can pose great risks to the mother, such as the need for blood transfusions, removal of the uterus and even death”, explains the obstetrician gynecologist.
During the gestation process, the uterus concentrates a large amount of blood. During removal of the placenta, the contraction of the organ is responsible for “closing” the blood vessels and initiating clotting. “However, if this is not done correctly, it can lead to excessive bleeding,” the doctor points out.
Prevention and treatment of the condition
The prevention and treatment of uterine atony have been significantly improved with the development of new drugs, technologies, management techniques during childbirth, treatment protocols and training of care teams.
“The main news for treatment of uterine atony is the JADA System, indicated in cases where the drug does not have the desired effect. It is easily applied vaginally and is connected to a vacuum aspirator, responsible for creating a negative pressure inside the uterus, reproducing the physiological mechanism of contraction and helping to control abnormal bleeding”, explains Dr. Fabiana Ruas.
3. Postpartum infections and thromboembolism
These bacterial infections occur in a woman’s reproductive tract after giving birth. They can develop due to the introduction of bacteria during childbirth or medical procedures, as well as prolonged rupture of amniotic membranes, hemorrhages or retention of placental fragments. If not treated promptly, they can lead to septicemia, a generalized infection that affects multiple organs and can be fatal. Prevention includes rigorous hygiene practices during childbirth, careful use of antibiotics, and careful monitoring of the mother in the postpartum period to identify and treat any signs of infection early.
4. Thromboembolism
Thromboembolism is a serious condition that can lead to maternal death during pregnancy or in the postpartum period. It occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a vein, often in the legs or pelvis, and then travels to another part of the body through the bloodstream. If the clot reaches the lungs, it causes a pulmonary embolism, which can be fatal if not treated quickly.
During pregnancy, the risk of thromboembolism increases due to hormonal changes and increased pressure on the pelvic and leg veins, especially in the third trimester and in the period immediately following childbirth. Prevention, early diagnosis and adequate treatment of thromboembolism are essential to reduce maternal mortality associated with this condition.
Conditions that can be avoided
These are diseases that can be detected and treaty early through regular antenatal consultations, which also provide a space for guidance on the health care of the mother and child.
“The majority of maternal deaths are preventable; it is therefore essential to raise awareness of the importance of carrying out prenatal care correctly, from the moment of discovery and at the beginning of pregnancy. Identifying diseases and risk factors early also allows for the planning necessary to achieve a safe birth”, advises the maternity coordinator of the São Luiz Hospital Anália Franco.
By Samara Meni
Source: Terra
Ben Stock is a lifestyle journalist and author at Gossipify. He writes about topics such as health, wellness, travel, food and home decor. He provides practical advice and inspiration to improve well-being, keeps readers up to date with latest lifestyle news and trends, known for his engaging writing style, in-depth analysis and unique perspectives.
